1 Then I returned and considered all the Job 35:9; Ps. 12:5; Eccl. 3:16; 5:8; Is. 5:7 oppression that is done under the sun: And look! The tears of the oppressed, But they have no comforter— On the side of their oppressors there is power, But they have no comforter.
2 Job 3:17, 18 Therefore I praised the dead who were already dead, More than the living who are still alive.
3 Job 3:11–22; Eccl. 6:3; Luke 23:29 Yet, better than both is he who has never existed, Who has not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.
4 The Vanity of Selfish Toil Again, I saw that for all toil and every skillful work a man is envied by his neighbor. This also is vanity and grasping for the wind.
5 Prov. 6:10; 24:33 The fool folds his hands And consumes his own flesh.
6 Prov. 15:16, 17; 16:8 Better a handful with quietness Than both hands full, together with toil and grasping for the wind.
7 Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun:
8 There is one alone, without companion: He has neither son nor brother. Yet there is no end to all his labors, Nor is his Prov. 27:20; Eccl. 5:10; (1 John 2:16) eye satisfied with riches. But Ps. 39:6 he never asks, “For whom do I toil and deprive myself of Eccl. 2:18–21 good?” This also is vanity and a grave misfortune.
9 The Value of a Friend Two are better than one, Because they have a good reward for their labor.
10 For if they fall, one will lift up his companion. But woe to him who is alone when he falls, For he has no one to help him up.
11 Again, if two lie down together, they will keep warm; But how can one be warm alone?
12 Though one may be overpowered by another, two can withstand him. And a threefold cord is not quickly broken.
13 Popularity Passes Away Better a poor and wise youth Than an old and foolish king who will be admonished no more.
14 For he comes out of prison to be king, Although he was born poor in his kingdom.
15 I saw all the living who walk under the sun; They were with the second youth who stands in his place.
16 There was no end of all the people over whom he was made king; Yet those who come afterward will not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and grasping for the wind.